Revascularización endovascular compleja multinivel y multivaso a través de un bypass fémoro-poplíteo ocluído en paciente con isquemia crónica con amenaza para las extremidades inferiores / Complex multilevel and multivessel endovascular revascularization through an occluded femoral-popliteal bypass in a patient with chronic limb threatening ischemia

Resumen La isquemia crónica con amenaza para las extremidades inferiores (ICAEI) representa el estadio final de la enfermedad arterial periférica, un problema de prevalencia creciente que conlleva el aumento de los costos de salud en todo el mundo. La ICAEI es una enfermedad con elevada morbilidad, generando mortalidad significativa, pérdida de miembros, dolor y disminución de la calidad de vida. La principal causa de amputaciones no-traumáticas de miembros inferiores está relacionada a la diabetes y a la ICAEI. Entre un 2% y 3% de los pacientes con enfermedad arterial periférica se presentan con un caso grave de ICAEI, condición que se correlaciona con enfermedad arterial multinivel y multiarterial, calcificación y oclusiones totales crónicas. Se describieron varias estrategias técnicas para cruzar con éxito largas oclusiones en segmentos arteriales. Se puede realizar la recanalización utilizando técnicas endoluminales, subintimales y retrógradas. Relatamos un caso de revascularización endovascular compleja multinivel y multiarterial a través de un bypass fémoro-poplíteo en una paciente con ICAEI.

Abstract Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) represents the end stage of peripheral artery disease, a problem of growing prevalence and increased health care costs around the globe. CLTI is a highly morbid disease, incurring significant mortality, limb loss, pain, and diminished health-related quality of life. The major cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation are related to diabetes and CLTI. Between 2% to 3% of patients with peripheral artery disease present with a severe case of CLTI, a condition that is correlated with multilevel and multivessel arterial disease, calcification, and chronic total occlusions. Multiple technical strategies to successfully cross long occlusions in arterial segments have been described. Recanalization can be performed using endoluminal, subintimal, and retrograde techniques. We report a case of complex multilevel and multivessel endovascular revascularization through an occluded femoro-popliteal bypass in a patient with CLTI.

Transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defect from retrograde transarterial approach: immediate and long-term outcome

Background: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a commonly encountered congenital heart defect. The aim of this study was to analyze five years’ experience with patients who had undergone transcatheter closure of VSD using retrograde transarterial approach.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted from December 2014 to December 2019. Cases planned for VSD closure in retrograde approach were included. A total of 147 cases fulfilled the criteria after left ventricular angiography and procedure was performed without forming arteriovenous loop. Follow up was planned at 1, 3, 6, 12 months and yearly thereafter.Results: The mean age of the patients was 5.94±4.67 years and mean weight was 17.93±8.26 kg. Perimembranous VSD was present in 70.06% cases and the size of the VSD was 5.5±1.8 mm. Amplatzer duct occluder II was the commonest device used (55.24%). Mean device size was 6.2±1.8 (5-8 mm). Complete occlusion was achieved immediately in 94.56% cases, and after one month in 99.36% cases. Four (2.78%) cases were postponed for malpositioning and encroachment of aortic valve. One patient (2.22%) had tiny residual VSD up to 3 years follow up. Bacterial endocarditis was noticed in one patient (0.80%) at one year follow up. No evidence of complete heart block was encountered in follow up period of six to 60 months.Conclusions: This study recommends that retrograde transarterial approach for closure of moderate to small VSD is safe, effective, and minimally invasive, can be performed in short time with less radiation hazard and less trauma to conducting tissues.

A rare case of leiomyosarcoma of cervix and challenges in its management: a case report and brief review of literature.

Leiomyosarcoma of cervix is an aggressive and rare tumour of the cervix with poor prognosis. Management plan differs greatly from other common cervical malignancies. A 38 year old multiparous lady presented with a large circumferential cervical tumour which was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of cervix on cervical biopsy. It was a surgical challenge. Patient underwent pre-operative ureteric stenting followed by exploratory laparotomy with hysterectomy with bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy. Surgical difficulties were encountered due to deep impaction of tumour in pelvis and altered anatomy due to the bulk of tumour. Retrograde approach was taken and pouch of Douglas was opened before clamping the mackenrodts and the uterus was bisected and debulking of tumour done simultaneously to facilitate the surgery. Post operatively patient received chemotherapy (Vincristine, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide) followed by radiotherapy. Patient developed vesicovaginal fistula and liver metastasis nine months post- surgery. She received second line of chemotherapy (gemcitabine and docetaxel) after which she was lost to follow up.